Bluetooth security modes and supported versions

Security Mode	Description	Versions supported
1	No Security. Device operates in promiscuous mode allowing any other Bluetooth device to connect it	v2.0 and earlier devices support it. v2.1 and later devices support for backward compatibility.
2	Service level enforced security. Security measures are established after the channel is established. Supports Authentication, Authorization and Encryption.	v2.0 and earlier devices support it. v2.1 and later supports for backward compatibility .
3	Link level enforced security. Security measures are established before the channel is established. Supports authentication and encryption.	v2.0 and earlier devices support it. but v2.1 and later devices support for backward compatibility.
4	It is a service level enforced security mode in which security procedures are initiated after link setup. Uses SSP (Secure Sample Pairing)	Mandatory for communication between v2.1 and later BR/EDR devices. Backward compatible with any of the other three Security Modes.

Comments

Breaking Excel password protection

If you came across an excel sheet asking for password for allowing to make any changes into it, you may want to unprotect it. All we need to do is to edit the xml file which comes intrinsically packaged with Excel 2007 or 2010. But what about Excel 2003? For that, open the Excel 2003 file within Excel 2007, save it as xlsx file. So, keep in mind all the Excel files below 2007 version, you need to convert them as Excel 2007 with extension .xlsx. Now here are the steps for doing that: 1. Open the Excel 2003 file (e.g. Secret.xlsx) and save it as .xlsx (Excel 2007) format. If you already have Excel 2007 file, then no need for any conversion. 2. Now change the extension of the above file to .zip and extract the zipped file. Browse through the file in the extracted folder and go to: <LocalPath>\Secret\xl\worksheets. 3. Now open the sheet/ sheets you want to remove protection in any xml editor. Look for keywords such as 'sheetProtection' or 'workbo...

File Upload through Null Byte Injection

Sometimes, during file upload we come across situation wherein there would be check on the file extension at the client side as well as server side too. If the application does allow only .jpeg extension to be uploaded, the client side java script checks for the extension of the file before passing the request. We all know that how easily this can be defeated. Some applications, checks for the extension at the server side also. That's not easy to bypass. However there are some ways with which it still can be bypassed. Most of server side scripts are written in high level languages such as Php, Java etc who still use some C/C++ libraries to read the file name and contents. That leads to the problem. In C/C++ a line ends with /00 or which is called Null Byte. So whenever the interpreter sees a null byte at the end of the a string, it stops reading thinking it has reached at the end of the string. This can be used for the bypass. It works for many servers, specially php servers. T...

jtool - an alternative to otool

jtool comes with a capability of running on Linux environment. Some ipa scanning tools are created to run on Linux environment where mac environment is not available. In such cases tools such as otool and class-dump-z will not work. So jtool can be an alternative to otool. For more information on jtool please refer to http://www.newosxbook.com/tools/jtool.html . It lists down various commands which have same output as otool or a equivalent. There are several commands mentioned in link. But for our customized requirements and basis checks I have listed down the below ones after running on many binaries. The outputs are similar or equivalent to otool and class-dump-z: Commands for checking PIE flag (ASLR) in jTool jtool -d -v -arch | grep stack · Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) protection: jtool -d -v -arch | grep _objc_release · To check if the devic...

Nilesh Kumar

Search This Blog